60 MCQ on profit and loss with answer and explanation

1 . A shopkeeper marks the price of an item 50% above the cost price. He then offers a discount of 20%. What is the profit percentage he makes?

A) 20%

B) 25%

C) 30%

D) 35%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.5x. After offering a 20% discount, the selling price becomes 0.8(1.5x) = 1.2x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.2x – x) / x * 100% = 20%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 20%.

2 . A trader marks up the price of his goods by 25%. He then allows a discount of 10% for cash payment. If the cost price of the goods is $600, what is the profit percentage he makes?

A) 10%

B) 12.5%

C) 15%

D) 20%

Explanation: The marked price is 1.25 * 600 = $750. After a 10% discount, the selling price becomes 0.9 * 750 = $675. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (675 – 600) / 600 * 100% = 12.5%. Therefore, the answer is (B) 12.5%.

3 . A person sells an article for $750, which is 20% more than the cost price. What is the cost price of the article?

A) $600

B) $625

C) $650

D) $700

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price is 1.2x. Substituting the value of selling price, we get 1.2x = 750. Solving for x, we get x = 625. Therefore, the answer is (B) $625.

4 . A trader incurs a loss of 20% on selling an article. If the selling price of the article is $640, what is the cost price of the article?

A) $800

B) $720

C) $640

D) $800

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price is 0.8x. Substituting the value of selling price, we get 0.8x = 640. Solving for x, we get x = $800. Therefore, the answer is (A) $800.

5 . A man buys an article for $500 and sells it at a profit of 20%. What is the selling price of the article?

A) $600

B) $550

C) $520

D) $480

Explanation: The profit percentage is 20%, so the selling price is 1.2 times the cost price. Therefore, the selling price is 1.2 * 500 = $600. Therefore, the answer is (A) $600.

6 . A shopkeeper sells an article at a profit of 25%. If he had sold it for $100 more, he would have made a profit of 40%. What is the cost price of the article?

A) $250

B) $200

C) $225

D) $175

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price with a 25% profit is 1.25x. If he sold it for $100 more, the selling price would be 1.4x. We can write the following equation based on the given information:

1.4x – 1.25x = 100

Solving for x, we get x = $200. Therefore, the answer is (B) $200.

7 . A retailer buys a radio for $150 and marks it up by 40%. He then offers a discount of 20% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 8%

B) 10%

C) 12%

D) 15%

Explanation: The marked price is 1.4 * 150 = $210. After offering a 20% discount, the selling price becomes 0.8 * 210 = $168. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (168 – 150) / 150 * 100% = 12%. Therefore, the answer is (C) 12%.

8 . A person sold an article for $400 and incurred a loss of 20%. What is the cost price of the article?

A) $480

B) $500

C) $450

D) $600

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price is 0.8x. Substituting the value of selling price, we get 0.8x = 400. Solving for x, we get x = $500. Therefore, the answer is (B) $500.

9 . A trader sold an article for $1,800, which was a loss of 10%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $2,000

B) $1,980

C) $1,900

D) $1,620

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the trader sold the article at a loss of 10%, the selling price is 0.9x.

0.9x = 1,800

x = 1,800 / 0.9

x = $2,000

Therefore, the answer is (A) $2,000.

10 . A man bought an article for $720 and sold it for $900. What is his profit percentage?

A) 12.5%

B) 20%

C) 25%

D) 30%

Explanation: The profit is the difference between the selling price and the cost price.

Profit = Selling price – Cost price = $900 – $720 = $180

Profit percentage = (profit / cost price) * 100% = (180 / 720) * 100% = 25%

Therefore, the answer is (C) 25%.

11 . A trader sells an article at a loss of 10%. If he had sold it for $70 more, he would have made a profit of 10%. What is the cost price of the article?

A) $400

B) $500

C) $600

D) $700

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price with a 10% loss is 0.9x. If the trader had sold it for $70 more, the selling price would be 1.1x. We can write the following equation based on the given information:

1.1x – 0.9x = 70

Solving for x, we get x = $500. Therefore, the answer is (B) $500.

12 . A man sells an article at a profit of 25%. If he had sold it for $80 less, he would have made a profit of 10%. What is the cost price of the article?

A) $320

B) $360

C) $400

D) $480

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price with a 25% profit is 1.25x. If he had sold it for $80 less, the selling price would be 1.1x. We can write the following equation based on the given information:

1.25x – 1.1x = 80

Solving for x, we get x = $400. Therefore, the answer is (C) $400.

13 . A man bought an article for $600 and sold it at a profit of 20%. What is the selling price of the article?

A) $720

B) $680

C) $660

D) $720

Explanation: The profit percentage is 20%, so the selling price is 1.2 times the cost price. Therefore, the selling price is 1.2 * 600 = $720. Therefore, the answer is (A) $720.

14 . A trader bought an article for $1,200 and sold it for $1,000. What is his loss percentage?

A) 10%

B) 16.67%

C) 20%

D) 25%

Explanation: The loss is the difference between the cost price and the selling price.

Loss = Cost price – Selling price = $1,200 – $1,000 = $200

Loss percentage = (loss / cost price) * 100% = (200 / 1,200) * 100% = 16.67%

Therefore, the answer is (B) 16.67%.

15 . A shopkeeper marked the price of an article 25% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 20% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 2.5%

B) 3%

C) 4%

D) 5%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.25x. After offering a 20% discount, the selling price becomes 0.8 * 1.25x = x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (x – x/1.25) / x * 100% = 4%. Therefore, the answer is (C) 4%.

16 . A man sold an article for $1,800, which was a profit of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,500

B) $1,600

C) $1,700

D) $1,800

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a profit of 20%, the selling price is 1.2x.

1.2x = $1,800

x = $1,500

Therefore, the answer is (A) $1,500.

17 . A trader marked the price of an article 20% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 10% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 8%

B) 10%

C) 12%

D) 14%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.2x. After offering a 10% discount, the selling price becomes 0.9 * 1.2x = 1.08x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.08x – x) / x * 100% = 8%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 8%.

18 . A man sold an article for $4,000, which was a loss of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $3,200

B) $4,000

C) $5,000

D) $5,600

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a loss of 20%, the selling price is 0.8x.

0.8x = $4,000

x = $5,000

Therefore, the answer is (C) $5,000.

19 . A trader sold an article for $2,880, which was a profit of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $2,000

B) $2,200

C) $2,400

D) $2,500

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the trader sold the article at a profit of 20%, the selling price is 1.2x.

1.2x = $2,880

x = $2,400

Therefore, the answer is (C) $2,400.

20 . A man sold an article for $1,000, which was a profit of 25%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $750

B) $800

C) $850

D) $900

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a profit of 25%, the selling price is 1.25x.

1.25x = $1,000

x = $800

Therefore, the answer is (B) $800.

21 . A trader marked the price of an article 30% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 15% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 10%

B) 12%

C) 14%

D) 16%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.3x. After offering a 15% discount, the selling price becomes 0.85 * 1.3x = 1.105x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.105x – x) / x * 100% = 10%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 10%.

22 . A man sold an article for $1,200, which was a loss of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,440

B) $1,500

C) $1,600

D) $1,800

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a loss of 20%, the selling price is 0.8x.

0.8x = $1,200

x = $1,500

Therefore, the answer is (B) $1,500.

23 . A trader bought an article for $4,800 and sold it at a profit of 25%. What is the selling price of the article?

A) $5,600

B) $6,000

C) $6,200

D) $6,400

Explanation: The profit percentage is 25%, so the selling price is 1.25 times the cost price. Therefore, the selling price is 1.25 * 4,800 = $6,000. Therefore, the answer is (B) $6,000.

24 .A man bought an article for $2,000 and sold it at a loss of 10%. What is the selling price of the article?

A) $1,800

B) $1,900

C) $2,000

D) $2,100

Explanation: The loss percentage is 10%, so the selling price is 0.9 times the cost price. Therefore, the selling price is 0.9 * 2,000 = $1,800. Therefore, the answer is (A) $1,800.

25 . A trader marked the price of an article 25% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 12.5% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 9%

B) 10%

C) 11%

D) 12%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.25x. After offering a 12.5% discount, the selling price becomes 0.875 * 1.25x = 1.09375x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.09375x – x) / x * 100% = 9%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 9%.

26 . A man sold an article for $1,500, which was a profit of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,000

B) $1,200

C) $1,250

D) $1,350

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a profit of 20%, the selling price is 1.2x.

1.2x = $1,500

x = $1,250

Therefore, the answer is (C) $1,250.

27 . A trader sold an article for $2,400, which was a loss of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $3,000

B) $3,200

C) $3,600

D) $4,000

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the trader sold the article at a loss of 20%, the selling price is 0.8x.

0.8x = $2,400

x = $3,000

Therefore, the answer is (A) $3,000.

28 . A man sold an article for $1,800, which was a profit of 10%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,500

B) $1,600

C) $1,650

D) $1,700

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a profit of 10%, the selling price is 1.1x.

1.1x = $1,800

x = $1,636.36 (rounded to the nearest cent)

Therefore, the answer is closest to (C) $1,650.

29 . A trader sold an article at a loss of 10%. If the selling price was $2,700, what was the cost price of the article?

A) $3,000

B) $3,200

C) $3,500

D) $3,750

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the trader sold the article at a loss of 10%, the selling price is 0.9x.

0.9x = $2,700

x = $3,000

Therefore, the answer is (A) $3,000.

30 . A man bought an article for $1,500 and sold it at a profit of 25%. What is the selling price of the article?

A) $1,875

B) $1,875.50

C) $1,900

D) $1,925

Explanation: The profit percentage is 25%, so the selling price is 1.25 times the cost price. Therefore, the selling price is 1.25 * $1,500 = $1,875. Therefore, the answer is (A) $1,875.

31 . A trader marked the price of an article 20% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 20% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 0%

B) 4%

C) 8%

D) 12%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.2x. After offering a 20% discount, the selling price becomes 0.8 * 1.2x = 0.96x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (0.96x – x) / x * 100% = -4%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 0%.

32 . A man sold an article at a loss of 20%. If the selling price was $2,400, what was the cost price of the article?

A) $2,800

B) $3,000

C) $3,200

D) $3,600

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. Since the man sold the article at a loss of 20%, the selling price is 0.8x.

0.8x = $2,400

x = $3,000

Therefore, the answer is (B) $3,000.

33.A trader bought an article for $1,000 and sold it at a loss of 10%. What is the selling price of the article?

A) $900

B) $950

C) $1,000

D) $1,100

Explanation: The loss percentage is 10%, so the selling price is 0.9 times the cost price. Therefore, the selling price is 0.9 * $1,000 = $900. Therefore, the answer is (A) $900.

34. A man sold an article for $2,500 at a profit of 25%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,875

B) $2,000

C) $2,100

D) $2,200

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The profit percentage is 25%, so the selling price is 1.25 times the cost price.

1.25x = $2,500

x = $2,000

Therefore, the answer is (B) $2,000.

35. A trader marked the price of an article 25% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 10% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 11%

B) 12%

C) 13%

D) 14%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.25x. After offering a 10% discount, the selling price becomes 0.9 * 1.25x = 1.125x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.125x – x) / x * 100% = 12.5%. Therefore, the answer is (B) 12%.

36 . A man sold an article at a profit of 25%. If the selling price was $1,875, what was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,500

B) $1,600

C) $1,750

D) $1,800

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The profit percentage is 25%, so the selling price is 1.25 times the cost price.

1.25x = $1,875

x = $1,500

Therefore, the answer is (A) $1,500.

37 . A man sold an article at a loss of 20%. If the selling price was $800, what was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,000

B) $960

C) $1,040

D) $1,200

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The loss percentage is 20%, so the selling price is 0.8 times the cost price.

0.8x = $800

x = $1,000

Therefore, the answer is (A) $1,000.

38 . A trader sold an article for $3,000 at a profit of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $2,000

B) $2,400

C) $2,500

D) $2,600

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The profit percentage is 20%, so the selling price is 1.2 times the cost price.

1.2x = $3,000

x = $2,500

Therefore, the answer is (C) $2,500.

39 . A trader marked the price of an article 40% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 20% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 16%

B) 20%

C) 24%

D) 28%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.4x. After offering a 20% discount, the selling price becomes 0.8 * 1.4x = 1.12x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.12x – x) / x * 100% = 12%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 16%.

40 . A man bought an article for $1,500 and sold it for $2,000. What is his profit percentage?

A) 10%

B) 20%

C) 25%

D) 33.33%

Explanation: The profit is $500. Profit percentage = profit / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get 500 / 1,500 * 100% = 33.33%. Therefore, the answer is (D) 33.33%.

41 . A trader bought an article for $2,000 and sold it for $1,800. What is his loss percentage?

A) 10%

B) 11%

C) 12%

D) 13.33%

Explanation: The loss is $200. Loss percentage = loss / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get 200 / 2,000 * 100% = 10%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 10%.

42 . A man sold an article at a profit of 25%. If the selling price was $2,500, what was the cost price of the article?

A) $1,800

B) $2,000

C) $2,100

D) $2,200

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The profit percentage is 25%, so the selling price is 1.25 times the cost price.

1.25x = $2,500

x = $2,000

Therefore, the answer is (B) $2,000.

43 . A trader marked the price of an article 20% above the cost price. He then gave a discount of 5% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

A) 14%

B) 15%

C) 16%

D) 17%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The marked price is 1.2x. After offering a 5% discount, the selling price becomes 0.95 * 1.2x = 1.14x. Profit percentage = (selling price – cost price) / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get (1.14x – x) / x * 100% = 14%. Therefore, the answer is (A) 14%.

44 . A man sold an article for $3,000 at a loss of 20%. What was the cost price of the article?

A) $2,400

B) $2,800

C) $3,200

D) $3,600

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The loss percentage is 20%, so the selling price is 0.8 times the cost price.

0.8x = $3,000

x = $3,750

Therefore, the answer is (D) $3,600.

45 . A trader bought an article for $800 and sold it for $1,000. What is his profit percentage?

A) 10%

B) 15%

C) 20%

D) 25%

 

Explanation: The profit is $200. Profit percentage = profit / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get 200 / 800 * 100% = 25%. Therefore, the answer is (D) 25%.

46 . A man sold two articles for $5,000 each. On one article, he gains 20% and on the other, he loses 20%. What is his overall gain or loss percentage?

A) 4% loss

B) 4% gain

C) No gain no loss

D) 2% gain

Explanation: Let the cost price of each article be $x. On one article, he gains 20% and sells it for $5,000. So, the selling price of that article is 1.2x. On the other article, he loses 20% and sells it for $5,000. So, the selling price of that article is 0.8x. The total cost price is 2x and the total selling price is 1.2x + 0.8x = 2x. Therefore, there is no overall gain or loss. Hence, the answer is (C) No gain no loss.

47 . .A shopkeeper sells an article for $720 and makes a profit of 20%. What would be his profit percentage if he had sold it for $600?

A) 12.5%

B) 16.67%

C) 20%

D) 25%

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price of the article is $720 and the profit is 20%, so the cost price is x = 720 / 1.2 = $600. If the selling price is also $600, then there is no profit, so the profit percentage would be 0%. Therefore, the answer is (C) 20%.

48 . A man sold an article at a loss of 20%. If the selling price was $2,400, what was the cost price of the article?

A) $2,400

B) $3,000

C) $3,200

D) $3,600

Explanation: Let the cost price be x. The selling price is $2,400 and the loss is 20%, so the cost price is x = 2,400 / 0.8 = $3,000. Therefore, the answer is (B) $3,000.

49 . A merchant sold two items for $4,800 each. He made a profit of 25% on the first item and a loss of 25% on the second item. What is his overall profit or loss percentage?

A) 6.25% loss

B) 6.25% profit

C) No profit no loss

D) 12.5% loss

Explanation: Let the cost price of each item be $x. On the first item, he makes a profit of 25%, so the selling price is 1.25x. On the second item, he incurs a loss of 25%, so the selling price is 0.75x. The total cost price is 2x and the total selling price is 1.25x + 0.75x = 2x. Therefore, there is no overall profit or loss. Hence, the answer is (C) No profit no loss.

50 . A man bought an article for $800 and sold it for $750. What is his loss percentage?

A) 5%

B) 6.25%

C) 10%

D) 12.5%

Explanation: The loss is $50. Loss percentage = loss / cost price * 100%. Substituting the values, we get 50 / 800 * 100% = 6.25%. Therefore, the answer is (B) 6.25%.

 

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